Joker in the Sunlight

Or

The Green Hair has it

By

Coyle T. Ravin

 

Oh Susano weeps an ocean.

Fools’ Poker’s a chancy,

tricksy, yet stirring game

laughs Aunt Nancy,

raking in the pot.

Sticky-fingered Brother Lepus dealt

a card dropped

face up. Before Loki glints

a regal, radiant, royal dame

Loki winks,

with a medial spin and shifty motion

the Queen became a Joker

in the sunlight.

 

Bedecked and Bedeviled

Count Bruga  (1931)

 

 

Part One: Lily Bugov, Countess Idivzhopu

Section One: What lies beyond the Mountains?

As readers of the Doc Savage saga know John Sunlight is the only villain to have crossed paths with Doc twice, at least during the initial run of the magazine. Wold Newton and Farmerian scholars point to the prequel of the Doc Savage series Escape From Loki as the possible origin of John Sunlight. Win Eckert has postulated that John Sunlight was the son of Clark Savage jr. through an intimate encounter with Lily Bugov, the Countess Idivzhopu. Fellow researcher Christopher Paul Carey agrees that the intimate encounter took place but poses a more controversial theory; that John Sunlight and the Countess were the same person, that is that John Sunlight was a woman.

There are chronological problems with Win Eckert’s theory as to John Sunlight being Doc Savage’s son, primarily that when John Sunlight encountered Doc Savage in 1937 he would have been barely 18 years old. John Sunlight had been exiled to Siberia in 1935 but prior to that he had been a solider in the Soviet Army. In 1935 John Sunlight would have been 16 years old.  Mr. Eckert claims that Dent deliberately fudged Sunlight’s age to cover up the sin of the son. While it is true that Doc Savage escaped from the prison camp Loki, when he was but 16, it should be remembered that John Sunlight was not Doc Savage either in intellect nor in physique.

Admittedly there is a certain symmetry in believing that Doc Savage’s arch enemy was also his son.[1] If the child of Doc Savage and Lily Bugov had used a potion to artificially age himself, as suggested by Rick Lai, it could account for the great discrepancy in age.[2] It also true that Sunlight often acts like a teenager given to petulance and odd choices in clothing. However I find that I am forced to dismiss the notion that Sunlight was Doc Savage’s son and agree with Carey in his speculation that John Sunlight and Lily Bugov were the same person.

 

Mr. Carey’s theory that John Sunlight was Lily Bugov unfortunately has one major problem, this being that John Sunlight was undeniably male. Carey suggests that she became a man because she could not achieve a lust for power as a woman. How was this gender transformation accomplished? Was it through mere transvestitism, or more radically, through surgery?

 

The surgical procedure for changing a man into a woman was in its infancy in the 1930s. The procedure for altering a woman into a man is far more complicated and was not successfully achieved until the 1950’s. The transvestitism angle might have worked but for the fact that Lily was described as having very large breasts, even with severe binding the massive breasts would be hard to conceal. Now Lily could have simply had a double mastectomy and faked the rest but it should be remembered that Sunlight had been a solider in the Soviet army, such major scarring would have been hard to hide. If, as Carey suggests Sunlight was able to heal his scarring by imbibing the elixir created by Baron Von Hessel, the elixir would have healed the scarring but would have also undone any surgical modifications. In A Feast Unknown it is revealed that in the ceremonies of the Nine, a man’s testicle is routinely removed and eaten like a communion wafer. However due to the healing properties of the Elixir the testicle eventually regenerates, ergo the removed breasts would have therefore re-grown.

 

If it was unlikely for Lily Bugov to transform herself into man either through surgery or through transvestitism, it would appear that Mr. Carey’s theory is proven false. That is unless you look at the theory from another angle and examine evidence that might appall some Doc Savage fans. Lily Bugov did not become John Sunlight but was already John Sunlight. To quote another hero in the Wold Newton Universe, “That ain’t no woman, it’s a man, man!”.[3]  In other words Lily Bugov did not exist- as a woman!

 

Haven’t I just contradicted myself? Haven’t I just stated that Lily Bugov could not have become John Sunlight without undergoing massive surgery because of her large breasts? That is true, if those breasts were real. While it is true that Lily Bugov displayed her breasts in gowns that accentuated her cleavage, it is also true that for the most part she was never seen up close except by Clark Savage and the Baron’s inner circle. Usually when Lily was paraded before the men under the Baron’s command or the men in the prison camp, Lily was in the distance.

 

On the occasions that Clark Savage was in relatively close proximity to the Countess he had been distracted. On the first occasion Baron Karl laid out a sumptuous culinary feast that overwhelmed the half starved Savage’s senses.

 

Despite his training and prodigious skill in many disciplines it should be remembered that Clark Savage was not yet at the height of his powers. Despite his gifts he was a sixteen year old boy being seduced by two masters in the arts of seduction, manipulation and misdirection. Lily’s Bugov’s large, half displayed bosom was an intentional bit of misdirection drawing all eyes towards this portion of her anatomy. In doing so it kept attention away from other areas of her body. The large, half displayed breasts drew attention away from a close examination of her face and her throat. It was the latter that was most important although not critical.

 

One method that is often used to unmask male transvestites is by examining the adam’s apple. While this is usually effective it isn’t 100 percent accurate. The adam’s apple is a protrusion composed of thyroid cartilage. The larynx is surrounded by a skeleton of cartilage plates that prevents it from collapsing. The Adam's apple, properly called the prominentia laryngea, is the central ridge where two plates of cartilage meet. The size of the adam’s apple varies from individual to individual and although the adam’s apple is often seen as a secondary sexual characteristic, it really is not one. Although generally men have more prominent adam’s apples than women, this is not always the case. Some men have small adam’s apples and some women have large ones. Lily Bugov seems to have a small adam’s apple, perhaps like Anne Coulter.

 

The first false bosom was patented in 1858 and was a wire frame device.[4] This was later surpassed by rubber bosoms but these also had problems with distension or deflation. I suspect that the Baron’s genius was able to construct a wire frame device covered with flesh toned latex rubber that created the illusion of breasts.

 

While I admit that this theory that Lily’s large breasts were false can also bolster Mr. Carey’s theory of Sunlight being a woman. Instead of a man Lily could have been a flat chested woman who used these enhancements as an allure. This then removes the need for Lily to undergo a double mastectomy in order to become John Sunlight.

 

However I have found other pieces of evidence which I believe can bolster my theory. The Countess is described as having broad shoulders and thin hips. These are physically male attributes; generally a woman has slim shoulders and wide hips.

 

Another clue lies in her name, Lily Bugov. In Russian naming conventions surname endings are determined by gender.  ov is a masculine ending and ova, as one might expect, is a female ending,. Lily Bugov should have been named Lily Bugova A careful researcher such as Philip Jose Farmer would have undoubtedly known this, so the masculine ending is undoubtedly a clue as to “Lily’s” real gender.

 

There are other clues as well.

 

One of Lily’s attendants is a big brute of a man named Zad. He is assigned to bath Clark Savage and makes suggestive comments and gestures while forcibly stripping Savage for his bath. Losing his temper Clark Savage defeats the huge Cossack in a fight. Savage encounters Zad a couple of more times in the book. At one point Zad blows him a kiss. Now this could be simply mockery but it could also point to Zad’s homosexual orientation. This may be among the reasons he was “Lily’s” attendant. He attended all of “Lily’s” needs.

 

The fact that camp was named Loki may also point to some male to female transvestitism going on, for according to the myths Loki disguised himself as a woman quite often, and indeed once physically transformed himself into a female.  To retrieve Thor’s hammer, Loki traveled to Jotunheim disguised as Freya’s Handmaiden. When the great walls Asgard was being built by a giant who has asked for the moon, suns and goddess Freya in payment the gods had agreed if he completed the task with in a certain time. The builder had a giant horse Svaðilfari with whose help he was easily going to make the deadline. Loki transformed himself into a mare and lured the giant stallion away, preventing the builder from completing the task on time. Loki returned a few months later with a colt. Loki had not only transformed himself into a mare he had also allowed himself to be mounted. Loki was also known for having lured the goddess Idunn away from Asgard where she was captured by a giant. Significantly Idunn was the cultivator of the golden apples which gave the Gods immortality. When she was captured the gods began to age. Most version of the tale have Loki luring her away as himself, although in a couple versions he did so as a woman. Finally Loki assumed the guise of an old woman to learn the secret of Balder’s vulnerability, a secret that resulted in Balder’s death.

 

Farmer does not specify what sort of sexual liaison went on between Lily Bugov and Clark Savage jr. He does however point out that Clark had distanced himself from the sexual mores of The United States. While this could mean that Clark had loosened up enough to engage in premarital sex, it could also mean that Clark also engaged in sexual acts that many in the United States would have found repugnant or perverted, at least in 1918, such as cunnilingus, fellatio or sodomy. Lily may have, after a suitable seductive interlude suggested the latter two acts as an alternative to one that could get her pregnant. One should not forget that Baron Von Hessel was by this time a well trained biochemist with access to long forgotten herbal lore. It is possible that he gave Lily a potion that would dull Clark’s senses while raising his libido.

 

Although Baron Karl states that Lily believes that she is the next Catherine the Great, the next Cleopatra, we have only his word that she is sexually promiscuous. The only sexual act that she is depicted as having in Escape From Loki is with Clark Savage Jr. 

 

At the end of Escape From Loki Lily is savagely attacked by a Sergei Khutzinov, a young Russian soldier who slashed her face with a bayonet, damaging the eye and leaving a great scar on her forehead and cheek. Just as an aside, is it possible that Sergei Khutzinov was merely an invention of Philip Jose Farmer? There seems very little doubt that the “Countess was attacked but perhaps the attacker was not this Sergei Khutzinov. The name Khutzinov may be a bit of a joke by Farmer as well as being both a clue and a deliberate mislead. The name Khutzinov may equal the phrase Cuts it off.

 

Who attacked Lily and why? In A Feast Unknown Farmer tells how the repressed Doc Caliban was sexually suppressed due to his strong moral background, over large genitals and lack of familiarity with women. On one case he was drugged and tied down by a female criminal who raped him. The loss of his control so infuriated Doc Caliban that he broke his bonds and then literally twisted the woman’s head off of her neck. Although I agree with the position that in the Wold Newton universe at least, Doc Savage and Doc Caliban were two different people, their lives ran a very close parallel course, designed by the Nine. Could the young Doc Savage have committed a similar act?

 

As the story went Young Savage interrogated Lily Bugov about the Baron’s formula when she was suddenly attacked by this soldier, which happened so rapidly Savage had no chance to stop. Later it is said he wished he had interviewed her privately. Given Savage’s proximity to her and his superlative reflexes it seems odd that he could not have overpowered the mad Russian. One also has to wonder where the Russian prisoner had acquired the bayonet. There is also the odd fact that the Savage would ask her about the Baron’s highly secret project in front of her attendants and the room full of prisoners.

 

Consider this as an alternative theory. What if Savage had in fact taken Lily into a private room to interrogate her? What if she had tried to vamp him once again? However this time Savage was not exhausted and half starved. His mind was clear and he suddenly perpetrated Lily’s hoax. Realizing how he had been mislead and tricked into engaging in behavior that would  have been repugnant even to his enlightened attitudes he attacked Lily with the bayonet. The bayonet bisecting the eye and scarring of the face are very symbolic. The bayonet, a phallic symbol raping the face that had deceived. The eye hearkening back to the old biblical adage, if thine eye offends, pluck it out. The bisected eye would also leave a puckered scar that could have seemed faintly vaginal. As if Doc had given this false woman a permanent symbolic brand. Yet given the clue of Khutzniov or cuts it off, did the mutilation end there?  Did Doc with crude surgery emasculate “Lily” making “Lily” into a caricature of the sex she pretended to be?

 

Doc heard that long after the crash that Lily had her back broken and had been paralyzed from below the waist. Perhaps this paralysis was not the result of a train crash but rather from a bayonet being used in two other regions below the waist.[5]

 

If our theory about Lily actually being a man is true it may explain one of the reasons why Doc Savage had such difficulty relating to women. The psychological impact of Clark Savage jr. having been fooled by such a disguise would have alone been disillusioning to the nascent superman. Then there is the special impact that his first sexual encounter was tainted not only by deception but that it had been tantamount to homosexual rape, even if Clark had not been on the “catching” end of the encounter.  It undoubtedly left lingering issues of not being able to trust women, although it was not through any fault of womankind. It also left scars of doubt in Clark’s psyche about his own sexuality. What did it mean that he could have been so easily fooled? Had he really been fooled?  Was there a bit of latent homosexuality in Doc Savage that he suppressed until the opportunity arose to act on his desires, and having acted upon it was so repulsed that he forwent sexual activity? [6]

 

Why would “Lily” undergo the pretense of being a woman?  As with many of the aspects of “Lily’s” life, there seem to be two main answers to this question. First and foremost was that it was an effective disguise; the second answer was that it allowed for him to openly express his sexual desires.

 

As signified by the name of the camp, Baron Von Hessel and “Lily” embodied aspects of the trickster. It should be remembered It is not uncommon for the trickster to assume the role of another gender. A modern example is the trickster Bugs Bunny, the modern form of Brer Rabbit, Nanabozho or Chi-waabooz, dressing up as a gorgeous female to lure Elmer Fudd or Donald Duck into a trap. That young Clark Savage was being led into a trap, into a web of lies and deceit is foreshadowed by the very first line of Escape from Loki. “Spiders, men and Mother nature makes trapdoors” 

The trap was designed to lure Clark Savage Jr into being under the influence of Baron von Hessel, either through bribery via the elixir of life or via blackmail courtesy of Lily.[7]

 

Lily Bugov, Countess Idivzhopu may have been an entirely fictitious name. The name Lily means virtue and purity, which is the diametric opposite of what the Countess supposedly was. This flipside name may have been another clue that the Countess pretended to be something other than she was. The name Bugov may also have been a modification of Bogrov, Ivan Zarov’s most famous impersonations. Farmer may have deliberately altered the name to Bugov to create a punish name Bugov equally Bug off, this is especially true when the Countess’ estate name is taken into account, Idivzhopu seems to be a modification of the phrase Eedeh vy zhopu, which is Russian for Go to Hell. Therefore taken together Bugov, Idivzhopu form Bug off, Go to hell

 

We are given rather scant information about “Lily’s’ background and most of it from two rather unreliable sources. The first source of information is from Baron Karl. He merely states that she was the daughter of a Russian Count who opened property and thousands of peasants. She had on occasion severely whipped for her own amusement. However the Russian Revolution had caused her holdings to fall into the hands of the peasants. She had escaped with some of her jewels but had to trade on her sexuality and beauty to find a position of luxury and comfort.

 

The second source of information was Sergei Khutzinov, a young Russian soldier who attacked the Countess and slashed her face with a bayonet, damaging the eye and leaving a great scar on her forehead and cheek. Khutzinov said he had attacked the Countess because he had been one of the peasants on her estates. The Bugov family had held manhunts in which peasants were hunted like game. Khutzinov’s brother had been killed by Lily on one such a manhunt.

 

Although this statement may not be entirely truthful, in that the source may not have been Seregi Khutzinov but may have been Lily. Couched in a sexual boast about always getting “her” man Lily may have boasted about the hunting activities of the “Bugov” family. Despite what source that was its origin the story allows us to pinpoint “Lily’s” origins a little better. In Richard Connell’s famous short story, “The Most Dangerous Game” General Zaroff, another Russian émigré, conducts manhunts on his island retreat. Zaroff owned an island in the Caribbean and he manipulated the channel lights to trap ships. He hunted the ship wrecked crews for sport.  Zaroff was eventually beaten at his own game by a big game hunter named Sanger Rainsford. Defeated by Rainsford in a sword duel, Zaroff was left to feed his hungry dogs.

 

In a bizarre bit of synchronicity Doc Savage also had an adventure on a very similar island. On this island a Count Ramadanoff and his brother used a similar method of luring and trapping ships. The ships’ crews however were not taken primarily for hunting but rather to work in a mine on the island. The escapees however were hunted. General Zaroff’s island was in the Caribbean and Count Ramandoff’s island was in the Galapagos. However the similarities were so profound that both authors were probably talking about the same island. Connell’s account of the location and name of the host is probably the most accurate. Dent had to change certain facts to avoid any hint he had lifted material from Connell.

 

Rick Lai has suggested in his article that The Brother’s Zaroff that the General Zaroff and Count Ramandoff were brothers, although he speculates that the incidents took place on two different islands. As Count Ramandoff lay dying he told Doc Savage that he had assumed the name of the real Count Ramandoff after his men had murdered the real Count.

 

Since Connell wanted to tell the story of a big game hunter who had to pit his wits and skill against a madman who hunted human prey and he left out Sanger’s description of the slave operation as an unnecessary distraction. This left the door however for Dent to tell the fuller story of the island hellhole, however he had to keep out elements that were too like Connell’s account. What emerges from a combination of the two stories is that a group of Russian aristocratic exiles took refuge on a Caribbean island. They soon discovered that a unique emerald was contained in the volcanic soil of the island. Working the small native population to death they trapped more miners by manipulating the channel signals around their island.

 

A true autocrat Zaroff lived apart from the other exiles who ran the mining operation and slave pens. Intractable slaves were given the chance for freedom if they participated in Zaroff’s hunt. The trophy heads dissuaded most from participating in this contest.

 

After Sanger defeated Zaroff and left him for dead, his younger brothers killed him under the pretense of putting him out of his misery. After killing his brother one of the brothers assumed command of the island. However he felt guilt over the act, considering it murder. This was the man Dent called Count Ramandoff.

 

Unless manhunts were a widespread practice among the Russian aristocracy, there was undeniably some connection between “Lily’s” family and General Zaroff. In fact, “Lily” was a Zaroff or Zarov rather than a Bugov for as we will show later,

 

“Lily’s” name and title were entirely fictitious. According to “The Most Dangerous Game” the Zarov family had large holdings in the Crimea. The Crimea was a bastion of the Russian aristocracy and it was the stronghold of the anti-Bolshevik White Army. When the White Army was crushed the remaining members of the army and the last remnants of the Russian aristocracy had to board ships and flee through the Black Sea. Few records exist from that tumultuous era however a report on the Zarov estate was uncovered during the recent opening and categorization of the Soviet Archives. An army squadron was to take the Zarov family into custody and were issued warrants for Alexander, Ilya, Boris and Ivan Zarov. The first three brothers were Alexander, who was depicted in Connell’s “The Most Dangerous Game” and Ilya and Boris who were depicted in the Doc Savage Adventure Fantastic Island.  Of the last brother Ivan there was no record although there was a special notation for him to be taken alive if possible.

 

This information prompted a further research into the Russian Archives, assisted by Russian archivist Natalya Simonova. According to his research Ivan Zarov, the youngest son’s share of the inheritance would have been minimal, as would any title he might have received. He needed another means to achieve power and prestige and so Ivan Zarov became an agent of Ohkrana. One of his earliest investigations was into the activities of a man named Dmitri Bogrov. Bogrov was the son of a wealthy Jewish attorney from Kiev. Bogrov had studied law at Kiev University and at Munich University and upon his return to Russia had been interrogated by the Okhranka and died as a result. Ivan Zarov assumed the identity of Dmitri Bogrov and became an agent provocateur. He informed his superiors on the activities of Social Democrats, anarchists and other dissident groups.  To his compatriots in the know Ivan insisted that this was his way of getting information on the Okhranka's activities. He could also remove disloyal revolutionaries.

 
In 1911 Dmitri Bogrov, the supposedly loyal Ohkranka agent, assassinated the then Russian Prime Minister Petr Stolypin in the Kiev Opera House in front of Tsar Nicholas II. Bogrov was sentenced to death by the district military court. He was executed on September 24 (September 11 old style), 1911. The investigation of Stolypin's assassination was discontinued by the order of Nicholas II.

 

The execution was a sham but the Dmitri Bogrov identity had to be discarded. After 1911 the name Ivan Zarov once more appeared in a few messages available in the archives. It is not certain what he was doing but it appears that he was still working as an agent provocateur among the various democratic and socialist organizations that had been clamoring for reforms in the Tsar’s autocratic rule since 1905. Besides stirring up the Socialists Ivan Zarov also had contacts with Polish nationalists and worked in the sections of the Russian Empire that had once been Polish territory. Among the contacts that Zarov made in Russian Poland was the Prussian Baron Karl Von Hessel. Records indicate that Von Hessel may have been a double agent working for both German intelligence and for the Ohkranka. His first allegiance seems to have been towards Germany but his true allegiance may have been to an international organization rather than to any one nation.

 

Although this is the first recorded contact between Ivan Zarov and Baron Karl von Hessel, it may not have been. As early as 1906 Baron Von Hessel was on occasion seen in St. Petersburg reportedly in the company of Grigori Rasputin.[8]  At an early stage in his career Ivan Zarov was one of the Ohkrana agents assigned to the constant surveillance of Rasputin, in essence this meant not only watching his activities but becoming one of his acquaintances.

 

Section II

Wolf’s Cub

 

The connection between Rasputin and Baron Karl Von Hess is an intriguing one. In Son of Holmes, John Lescroat reported that Auguste Lupa a.k.a Nero Wolfe’s birth name was John Hamish Holmes, the son of Sherlock Holmes and Irene Adler. He also revealed that Grigori Rasputin was the son of Professor Moriarty. This would make Baron Von Hessel and Grigori Rasputin half brothers. It is unknown if either knew of their relationship, or that Moriarty even knew about Rasputin until they became involved with the Nine, since there is evidence that Rasputin was also an agent of the Nine.

 

Win Eckert has speculated the Lily Bugov was “the granddaughter of Sir William Clayton and Sir William’s wife, a Russian woman named Natalie, daughter of the Prince of Kiev, who disappeared shortly after their wedding in 1855.”  I agree with this genealogy but dispute the gender of “Lily”. Natalie had run off with a former suitor, the heir of the Zarov family, having married Sir William only at her father’s insistence. Sir William was the grandfather then of Count Zarov and his brothers.

 

Lily was referred to as Baron Karl’s mistress, if Lily was truly Ivan Zarov a man, was this merely a cover story? For the most part I believe that it was part of their cover however it should be remembered that in earlier portions of his life, Baron Karl had been a sailor. Sodomy although extremely frowned upon in most Navies, was not uncommon. We know of three sexual encounters that have been accounted to Baron Karl, two in his persona of Wolf Larsen and one as Baron Karl. As Larsen he wed, bedded and quickly abandoned Arronaxe Land. He and his crew raped a group of Japanese women. Later as Baron Karl he, according to Win Eckert, Baron Karl married a Greek woman whowas the granddaughter of Aspasia Clayton, who was the daughter of Sir William and Ermione Khatamagos.”  She gave birth to one child in 1908 but the relationship does not seem to have lasted long. However, Larson was using the Von Hessel name at this time, so although Larson may have fathered this child, he did not marry the mother. It is also interesting to note that this Greek woman was Baron Karl’s second cousin.

 

One has to wonder if perhaps, Baron Karl Von Hessel merely had sexual relations with these women with the express purpose of begetting a child.

 

In his persona of Wolf Larsen, Baron Von Hessel was involved in a strange triangular relationship between Humphrey Van Weden and Maud Brewster. The Sea Ghost rescued Humprey Van Weden after the ship he had been traveling upon collided with a steamer. Larsen forced the weak young man into virtual slavery to work for his passage on the ship. Van Weyden was a highly educated man and Larsen was a self taught genius. Larsen formed an odd bond with Van Weyden due to Larsen’s need for intellectual stimulation. In Van Weyden’s mind they formed an affiliation much like a master and a favored slave. However Larsen may have seen the association in a different light, viewing himself as the dominant member of relationship that satisfied his emotional, intellectual and possibly his sexual needs. While Van Weyden was still on board the Sea Ghost also picked up another castaway, Maud Brewster a female scholar and poetess. Van Weyden was immediately attracted to her because of her intellect and her beauty.

 

London’s outward depiction of the triangle formed between Larsen, Van Weden and Maud Brewster seems to indicate that both men vied for the affections and possession of Maud Brewster. Yet Larsen exhibits symptoms of jealousy when Maud Brewster appears on the scene due to Van Weyden’s attraction towards her. Larsen acts out his jealousy in petty acts of cruelty against his crew. Later Larsen does seem to make overtures towards Maud Brewster and may have attempted to rape her, only to be stopped by Van Weyden. Normally, even armed with a knife the “sissy” Van Weyden would not have been able to overpower the burly and heavily muscled Larsen but Larsen collapsed as Van Weyden confronted him. Yet after Van Weyden stabbed Larsen once in the shoulder, the big man collapsed as a sickness took hold of him.

 

The collapse of the brute Larsen after such a minor wound can be attributed to two causes. The primary cause is that Larsen was indeed ill and was suffering from a medical condition that affected his neurology. This condition, which we suppose to have been a brain tumor or a series of strokes would worsen causing blinding headaches, paralysis and eventually his death in the novel. A secondary but lesser reason is that Larsen collapsed out of a sense of despair and betrayal. Part of why Larsen made a coarse courtship of Maud Brewster may not have been so much because he desired her but because Van Weyden did.

 

In a sense Larsen was reasserting his dominance over Van Weyden demonstrating to Van Weyden that he was still Van Weyden’s master, holding such power over Van Weyden that he could deny Van Weyden what he most desired. Rape being an act of violence rather than love or lust, Larsen also wished to violently avenge himself on this woman who had stolen Van Weyden’s affections. Yet at the same time Larsen made overtures to Maud Brewster in an attempt to make Van Weyden jealous. However when Van Weyden chose Brewster over Larsen to extent of literally stabbing him in the back, this made Larsen realize that despite all of his overtures towards Weyden that Van Weyden would never impale him with anything but a knife. Even the strongest man can be brought to his knees by unrequited love. It is telling that when Larsen is afflicted by blinding pain he called out for Hump, his nickname for Humphrey Van Weyden.

 

Although it is possible that reading homosexual connotations into the relationship between Wolf Larsen and Van Weyden may be stretching things, one should note that a slang term for a predatory homosexual during the turn of the century was a wolf. Also the general depictions of a homosexual pairing during that era were of a strong masculine figure coupled with a weaker, effeminate man. The latter was known as a punk or a sissy, which is how Van Weyden was called aboard the ship. [9]

 

If Karl Von Hessel a.k.a. Wolf Larsen was indeed a homosexual, or at least a bisexual with a preference for men, then why did he bed and abandon two women, rape one and attempt to rape a third? The answer to this question also resolves the mystery of his neurological condition, his longevity and apparent resurrection from death and his relationship with Rasputin and Ivan Zarov. 

 

Karl Von Hessel was born in 1858 the son of Professor James Moriarty and Amalie Luise, the younger sister of Count Karl Frederick, a member of the Danish nobility with ties to the Royal family and to the house of Hesse. Amalie Luise was a woman of surpassing beauty and intellect. Amalie Luise’s intellectual outlets were however severely constrained from by both her gender and her position in society. It was no doubt a surprise to both when their passionate discussion of mathematical theory evolved into a passionate embrace. Both were slightly embarrassed by their loss of control and avoided one another during the remainder of James Moriarty’s Copenhagen visit.

 

When James Moriarty concluded his European lecture series he returned to England and was offered the mathematics chair at one of the smaller universities. The prestigious university gave him academic credentials and the small student body allowed James Moriarty to work on his magnum opus The Dynamics of an Asteroid, a work that ascended to such rarefied heights of pure mathematics that few people were capable of understanding it much less criticizing it.

 

While James Moriarty was giving birth to his greatest work, Amalie Luise gave birth to his two sons, whom she named Karl and Jeppe. Unwilling to dishonor her family with illegitimate children she sent them to be raised as simple peasant children by the relatives of one her courtiers. When they were approximately eight years old James Moriarty found Karl and Jeppe.[10] At this time James Moriarty was using the name of Nemo and was Captain of the submersible ship known as the Nautilus. Karl and Jeppe served as cabin boys aboard the vessel. When the Nautilus sank in the maelstrom off of the coast of Norway, Karl and Jeppe were among the survivors. They were taken in by a family of Norwegian seal hunters. Jeppe was content to live this life but Karl yearned to resume the education that he had begun under his father’s tutelage. Enlisting on a British ship at age of twelve, Karl eventually made his way to England in 1873. 

 

Somewhere between 1873 and 1880 he was approached by representatives of the Nine who offered him virtual immortality in exchange for becoming their servant.  Through contacts with agents of the Nine Wolf embarked on an eclectic education in between missions for the Nine. He also learned the truth about his parentage and his connection to the German and Danish thrones. Although his studies were informal they revealed him to have an innate genius for mathematics and chemistry.

 

In between missions for the Nine, Wolf’s friendship was cultivated by Iwaldi, one of the Nine who encouraged his rebellious streak. He helped Wolf establish, through sophisticated extortion among the aristocracy of Germany and Denmark, the identity of Baron Karl Von Hessel. However the Nine preferred that he use the identity of Wolf Larsen and that he use his profession as a seal hunter as a cover for world wide missions. Most of the Nine’s missions were courier jobs, piracy or the occasional murder however there were a couple of incidents that Wolf found extremely distasteful. One of the Nine’s interests was eugenics and to this end they bred people like cattle or so it seemed to Wolf. He was ordered to wed, bed and impregnate the daughter of a fellow sailor, Ned Land. And in 1885 he turned his considerable charms onto the sixteen year old Arronaxe Land and seduced her. After ensuring she was pregnant he abandoned her.

 

Five years later he was told to kidnap a certain group of Japanese women and impregnate a particular woman. Once this had been accomplished he was to let the women return to their families.

 

These two incidents persuaded him break the hold that the Nine had on him. Iwaldi encouraged him to work on an alternative to the Nine’s Elixir. In a fortuitous accident, Wolf cultivated a bacteria that exuded the same active ingredient as the Nine’s elixir. He kept the active samples in his “ancestral” castle. 

 

The Nine learned that he was seeking to betray them, although they do not seem to know he had succeeded in creating a life extension formula. He was ordered to go an extensive voyage and because of his planned betrayal of the Nine he was denied his yearly dose of the elixir starting in 1891. After the first year he discovered a rather insidious secret about the elixir; it was addictive. The addictive element however was not replicated by his bacterial form. His withdrawal symptoms manifested a severe neurological condition. In 1893, while Wolf was traveling on The Ghost, a fire broke out in his “ancestral’ castle and destroyed his bacteriological samples. Although there is no evidence that the fire in Schloss Sigmaringen was arson, it seems likely that the Nine destroyed his work.[11] The neurological condition brought on by Elixir withdrawal caused him to suffer a brain aneurism that nearly killed him. Had it not been for the bacterial form of the elixir in his system, he probably would have died.

 

Knowing that his bacteria samples had been destroyed and not wishing to undergo another withdrawal attack, Wolf attempted to get back into the good graces of the Nine once more. With his Wolf Larson identity certified as being dead, he assumed the Karl von Hessel identity full time.[12] To gain the polish and education that his new role required he attended several schools from 1895 until 1905.His innate genius served him well and within a sort period of time he personified his role to such an extent that even at times even he was almost convinced he had been born a German nobleman. Once his training had been accomplished, to best serve the interests of the Nine Von Hessel became part of the Imperial German Secret Service under the guise of being part of its diplomatic service.

 

In this capacity he was first assigned to Russia from 1905 until 1908. Also arriving In St. Petersburg of 1905 for his second visit to the capital was Grigori Rasputin.

 

As stated earlier, like Wolf Larsen/Baron Von Hessel, Grigori Rasputin was also the son of Professor James Moriarty. According to all known records Grigori Rasputin was born sometime between 1868 and 1873 in Siberia to Effim and Anna Rasputin.[13] . The most likely date is January 10, 1869. Why would James Moriarty have been in Siberia of all places in 1869?

 

As detailed in many other articles and novels, James Moriarty, in addition to being the Napoleon of Crime, was also one of the men who were called Captain Nemo.[14] Although no one has yet detailed this, it is believed that in 1868 the two Nautilus submersibles met and fought off the coast of Norway. Damaged in the battle both were sucked into the maelstrom,  Moriarty’s ship got the worst of it and broke apart, although much of the extensive damage may have come about through sabotage.[15]  Moriarty was picked up by a Lithuanian fishing trawler. When he appeared on shore he was met by an old man with an eye patch at first claimed to be a Capellean Elder. Eventually however the old man revealed that he was part of an organization far older than the Capelleans. Aware of the Eridanean and Capellean organizations and their conflict this group had co-opted some members from both organizations and had on occasion used the names of these organizations while carrying out their own stratagems.

 

The Nine offered Moriarty an even longer life than that promised by the Capelleans. To prove that they also had access to knowledge and technology far superior to the Capelleans, who at best grudgingly provided its adoptees with advanced technology, the old man with the eye patch sent Moriarty to Tobelesk, Siberia to look among certain kurgans.

 

Kurgans were barrows or burial mounds that dotted the landscape between Eastern Europe, Russia and Mongolia. The name for the burial mound was also given to the people who created them. The Kurgans were an Indo-European people that practiced a form of mummification and also sacrificed the servitors, concubines and horses of the deceased. However as of 1868 very little of this was known about the Kurgan. Arriving at the village where the old man had directed him, Moriarty asked about for a guide to the mounds. He was told to ask after Anna Egorova, the wife of Effim Rasputin. She was of Samoyed and Mongolian stock and knew about the barrows.[16]

 

With Anna Egorova and her two children in tow, James Moriarty toured the barrows. After digging through the rock coverings of several and breaking into them to discover only ancient artifacts, mummified corpses and the skeletal remains of horses he began to believe that the old man had in fact been an Eridanean agent that had successfully gulled him. However one of the barrows was quite different.

 

The walls of this barrow were covered with glyphs comprised of lines, squiggles and minute squares. There was mummified corpse much like the others only this one sat in stone throne with a seat of woven metal. Although the metal was blackened and pitted with age and corrosion it caught his eyes for it was not made of copper or bronze but rather when scraped yielded a silvery glint like steel. He noted with a start that the mummy wore a vest of what appeared to a fragment of a larger piece of clothing. The cloth shimmered like silk yet had the texture of woven metal. On the shoulder of the vest was a faintly colored rectangle as if an insignia had been there. The corpse’s skeletal hands crisscrossed over a hand-sized box. Cracked black ceramic of some type covered the outside of box but a silvery flash caught Moriarty’s eyes. Ripping the box from the skeleton’s hands Moriarty’s nails tore at the ceramic which crumbled. Beneath the black covering were dark lines scribbled upon a piece of glass. These resembled the hieroglyphics on the wall. Underneath his thumbnail the darkness was replaced by the shininess of metal.

 

Moriarty made an intuitive leap that only one of his level of genius would have made. This corpse was a space traveler like the Eridaneans and Capelleans. The device was a sophisticated piece of machinery with the metallic lines being an integral part of the device’s function.[17] Moriarty compared the lines in the device to those on the wall and discovered that they were different. He quickly copied them in his note book. Giddy as a schoolboy his discovery he impulsively kissed Anna Egorova. Her eyes widened at this and she ordered her children out of the barrow. She then attacked Moriarty with the ferocity of a lioness in heat. Instinct won out over intellect. Moriarty left the village the next day. Nine months later Anna Egorova presented her husband with a new son. Seduced by the promises of the Nine Moriarty became one of their servants. He would find it to a devil’s bargain. Some quirk in his biochemistry allowed the Nine’s elixir to be addictive but denied him the benefit of its longevity. What’s more it neutralized the longevity treatment given to him by the Capelleans. When Moriarty realized that the elixir was not benefiting him he attempted to break from the Nine. Withdrawal gave him a persisting neurological condition.

 

Grigori Rasputin had very formal education but showed flashes of brilliance and intuition at an early age. At eight years old he denounced a man as a horse thief. Investigation proved him to be correct. Although his uncovering of the thief was attributed to mystical powers, he most likely discerned the horse thief through intuition and observation, like his kinsman Holmes. Grigori married early but despite this he was a rather wild youth given to drunkenness, womanizing and thievery. He and his friends were accused but not convicted of horse thievery. Faced with banishment Grigori proposed that he instead be allowed to make a pilgrimage 260 miles northwest to the Verkoturie Monastery.

 

At the monastery he underwent a conversion of faith and returned as an ascetic man of faith. During the next decade he underwent a spiritual journey that led him to explore various religious beliefs. One sect that struck a chord in him was the Skoptsy sect. This flagellant cult believed that sin must be experienced before it could be forgiven. Although it seems that he was never a member of the sect he seems to have been influenced by it. His spiritual journey was also a physical one and the Siberian peasant traveled to Greece and to the Holy land.

 

It was most likely during this journey that Rasputin was approached by servants of the Nine and became one of their servants.

 

Rasputin had visited St. Petersburg in 1903 and made acquaintances from all strata of society. During the 1903 visit Rasputin established his reputation as a starets, a wandering mystic with powers of prophecy and healing. In 1905 he took up residence in St. Petersburg and began gathering disciples from the middle class and aristocracy. In 1905 Rasputin was introduced to the Imperial couple and after that he came under scrutiny by the Ohkrana. The early surveillance was not as intense as it would later become when Rasputin became considered a member of the court. Assigned to befriend and keep tabs on Rasputin was young aristocrat Ivan Zarov. He became one of Rasputin’s circle of friends.

 

The Nine had long range plans for Russia with Karl von Hessel and Grigori Rasputin playing important roles. It was through the confluence of Rasputin and Von Hessel that Von Hessel became acquainted with Ivan Zarov. The Baron saw some very unique qualities in young Ivan, qualities that with proper guidance and molding could make Ivan someone with whom be reckoned. Much like he had with Humphrey Van Weyden Von Hessel made Ivan into his protégé. He convinced Rasputin that they should sponsor him as a servant of the Nine. The Nine were not entirely sold on Ivan Zarov, wanting him to prove that he would follow their orders as directed. 

 

It was under their orders that Zarov in his Bogrov guise assassinated Prime Minister Stolypin. Petr Stolypin had to be eliminated because he was a danger to the Nine’s plans. His agrarian reforms and ruthless persecution of terrorists were defusing the long smoldering tensions of the peasant class. Further more he denounced Rasputin and attempted to discredit him with the Imperial Couple.

 

Shortly after he had become Prime Minister in 1906 an assassination attempt on Stolypin injured the Prime Minister’s children. Tsar Nicholas sent Rasputin to aid them. Stolylin recounted that Rasputin ran his pale eyes over him and that Stolypin began to feel an indescribable loathing for the vermin sitting next to him. He realized that Rasputin possessed great hypnotic power. Rasputin’s attempt to control the Prime Minister had failed. His efforts with the Imperial family however bore fruit by his ability to heal the Imperial heir when he suffered from life threatening injuries brought on by his hemophilia.

 

Shortly after Rasputin’s failed attempt to influence Prime Minister Stolypin a leftist student by the name of Dmitri Bogrov died while being interrogated by the Ohkrana. As part of Stolypin’s crack down on revolutionary groups, Ivan Zarov assumed Bogrov’s identity and infiltrated several leftist groups. Known to Stolypin, he became one of his most trusted agents.

 

In 1908 Von Hessel was assigned to take up residence in Gdingen, West Prussia. There he was to keep tabs on Russian agitators, Polish nationalists and also to cultivate the friendship of Greek military officers. Greek military officers were often trained in Germany.  Some of these Greek officers however became involved with the Polish nationalists. Ordered to create a scandal that would discredit the Polish nationalists, Von Hessel decided to also get back at a Greek officer that had for some reason offended him. Raping the daughter of this Greek officer, he convinced all involved that the rapist had been a member of the Polish nationalists. Although the accused Polish national denied all, he was forced to marry the girl. Afterwards he was found dead. Von Hessel had successfully stopped the Polish nationalists from gaining allies among the Greeks. This Greek girl was the granddaughter of Aspasia Clayton, who was the daughter of Sir William and Ermione Khatamagos. Their child was born in Gdingen on May 28, 1908 and was named Ernst Stravo Blofeld. For a time Blofeld would be the Nine’s fair-haired child and lead their criminal and terrorist enterprises until stopped through by the actions of British Intelligence.[18]

 

In 1910 Baron Von Hessel returned to St. Petersburg and was ostensibly part of the German diplomatic entourage. By 1911 through constant propagandizing against Rasputin, Stolypin had succeeded in getting Rasputin banished from St. Peterburg.  After Stolypin’s assassination Rasputin returned to St. Petersburg.

 

There were no shortage of suspects as to whom had hired Bogrov to kill Stolypin.  Various terrorist organizations wanted Stolypin out of the way because of his oppression. The Bolsheviks wanted Stolypin dead because his reforms quelled the fires of revolution. The conservatives wanted Stolypin dead because they feared his liberalism might expand and end their class privileges.  The Germans also wanted Stolypin out of the way because they feared that his policies might make Russian even more economically powerful than Germany. Rasputin and his disciples were fairly far down on the list. Bogrov was hung rapidly and the investigation into the assassination declared closed by the Tsar. This has given credence to the theory that Stolypin had been assassinated by conservative elements of the aristocracy aided by the secret police. This does seem to have been the case.

 

After his successful guise of Dmitri Bogrov came to an end, Ivan Zarov’s rise in the Ohkrana paralleled the rise of Rasputin in the imperial court. Under many names he worked as an agent provocateur exposing the conspiracies of leftists and their Jewish and homosexual allies. It was during this period that Ivan learned to impersonate a woman with perfection. Despite having obeyed the order of the Nine Ivan was not allowed to join the Nine as of yet. Von Hessel transfused some of his blood into Ivan with the hope that the life extending bacterium he had discovered would be transmitted to Ivan. It was not and this is when Von Hessel began to suspect that the bacterium in his body was dying out.

 

Although Rasputin and Ivan outwardly worked for the good of Russia while Baron Von Hessel worked for the good of Germany, in reality they worked in concert to accomplish the goals of the Nine. While Baron von Hessel undoubtedly had figured out the Nine’s long range plans, neither Rasputin or Ivan realized what would be the culmination of the Nine’s plans. Even in their later careers, neither Rasputin nor Ivan Zarov would be very successful in working out the consequences of their actions.

 

As planned Rasputin worked his way into the inner circle of the Imperial Court until he had a distinct influence with the Imperial family. That a peasant was given such power outraged the conservatives at court. They also played up his influence at court granting him svengali-like powers, they exaggerated his drunkenness and sexual antics.

 

Despite carrying out his instructions for the Nine, Rasputin had also acquired a true affection for the Imperial family. In 1914 he obliquely warned Nicholas about becoming involved in the Balkan situation. Rasputin was summoned back to his home in Tobolesk and left on the pretext of visiting his family. While in Tobolesk Rasputin was stabbed in the abdomen by a female follower of his main detractor Illidor. The wound was so deep and wide that his intestines spilled out of the wound. He was expected to die. Although the dates for the stabbing are inexact, author Colin Wilson in The Occult discovered that Rasputin was stabbed on the same day that the Archduke Ferdinand was shot to death. The one person that would have advised Tsar Nicholas not to enter the war was unavailable because of his stab wound. Rasputin recovered from his seemingly fatal wound and once again took up his post at the Imperial court.

 

Realizing the consequences of crossing the Nine, he went along with their plans. As per the Nine’s instructions Rasputin advised the Tsar to ignore the advice of his generals and to take personal command of the war. Once Nicholas was gone Tsarina Alexandra was in command. Rasputin used his influence over her to place some of his friends in government posts. Enemies of Rasputin spread innuendo and gossip about Rasputin’s relationship with the Tsarina, declaring that Nicholas was a cuckold.  His detractors played up the Tsarina’s Germanic background and promoted the idea that Rasputin was also a German sympathizer was convincing the Imperial couple to make peace with Germany.

 

Unbeknownst to Rasputin, it was Ivan Zarov and Baron von Hessel that were instrumental in creating the propaganda against Rasputin among the upper and lower classes. The Nine felt that Rasputin had compromised himself by becoming emotionally attached to the Imperial family. It was part of Rasputin’s function in their plan for him to become a lodestone of controversy that reflected badly on the Imperial family. He was also to advise the Imperial family in such a way that their bad decisions would further alienate them from their people. He however failed in this duty.

 

Ivan Zarov was able to use his proclivities for homosexuality and cross dressing to further the plans of the Nine. Using the name Dmitri he befriended the bi-sexual and cross dressing Prince Felix Yussupov, the Tsar’s nephew. Zarov convinced Felix to befriend Rasputin and after a time convinced him to partake in a plot to murder Rasputin. Although in his memoirs Felix states that he had joined the assassination plot out of political considerations and to 'save' Russia, his real motives remain elusive. Felix had never shown any interest in politics or the country, so this claim of his is questionable.

 

The true reason may have been to aid his friend Dmitri, not the Dmitri who was Ivan Zarov in disguise, but rather Grand Duke Dmitri Pavlovich, the cousin of the Tsar. Dmitri had at one time been engaged to Olga the daughter of the Tsar. However his friendship with Felix Yusupov had caused the Tsarina to break the engagement. Many accounts report the rupture came about because it was believed that the relationship between Dmitri Paulovich and Felix had been homosexual in nature.[19] This however does not seem to be the case, the Dmitri who was Felix’s lover was in fact the cover identity of Ivan Zarov. The similarity of names caused confusion. Ivan convinced Dmitri Paulovich and Felix to assassinate Rasputin for several reasons. Ivan had convinced Felix and Dmitri Paulovich that it had been Rasputin who had spread the lie about them being lovers and had convinced the Tsarina to cast Dmitri aside. He also convinced them that Rasputin was in the pay of both the Germans and the socialists and that his influence on the royal family would cause the Imperium to fall. He pointed out that it seemed to be Rasputin who kept the Imperial heir alive and if he were removed, the heir would probably not live to his majority. This would pave the way for Grand Duke Dmitri to become the next Tsar.

 

Whether or not Rasputin truly had prescient powers or was just intuitive enough to realize that events had moved beyond his control, he did attempt to warn the Imperial family of the plans of the Nine before his assassination in a document that has come to be known as his last letter. He warned of his assassination, the coming revolution and the fall of the aristocracy.[20]

 

On December 16, 1916 Felix Yusupov invited Rasputin to his home to meet his wife Irina. He was served sweetcakes and wine. At first Rasputin refused to eat possibly put on alert by the presence of people he did not know. When Ivan Zarov in his Dmitri guise showed up Rasputin was put at ease and ate the cakes and wine. Both were supposedly laced with poison. However after an hour or so Rasputin still did not show any ill effects and according to Yusupov he went upstairs got a handgun and fired into Rasputin’s back. He and all his conspirators assembled to get rid of the body. Rasputin however jumped up and attacked them. Yusupov and his fellow conspirators[21] fired into Rasputin, one of the bullets supposedly struck his head. As they attempted to carry Rasputin from the room he once again started flailing about. The conspirators then beat and stabbed him until he lay still.[22] They threw his body into the Neva river. Yet Rasputin was found on the ice of the river having died from either drowning or hypothermia.

 

Despite having ensured that Rasputin’s influence on the Imperial family had been removed so that the Nine’s plans for Russia could move apace,  Ivan Zarov discovered that he had to go into hiding from his fellows in the Ohkrana as the Tsar put pressure on discovering all of the conspirators in Rasputin’s murder. Ivan Zarov took refuge among his leftist contacts after the Revolution he was exposed as an Ohkrana agent and as an aristocrat. Disguised as a woman Ivan fled towards Germany.

 

Meeting up with Baron Von Hessel, the Baron convinced Ivan to create the identity of Lily Bugov. It allowed Ivan to hide without fear of discovery and to carry one a semi open relationship with the Baron that would not cause tongues to wag, at least with rumors that could have ruined the Baron’s reputation rather than accentuate it.

 

Although Lily’s tryst with Clark Savage Jr. was part of the Baron’s plan to entrap the young man, it was it was not a chore that “Lily” minded in the least. Lily had a healthier libido than the Baron, which is why “her” attendants were strapping men with the same proclivities. However the tryst between Lily and young Savage caused a rift in the relationship between Lily and the Baron. Lily had become enamored of the young flier. Although the Baron’s passion had cooled, he was perturbed at losing Lily’s affection rather than he being to one to cast “her” off.

 

After Savage and successfully ruined the Baron’s biological experiments and arranged the escape from Camp Loki, the Baron and Lily went their separate ways. Having been wounded in the face and perhaps elsewhere Ivan dropped the Lily persona. Besides a woman with a horrific facial scar would have been more noticeable than a man with such a wound.

 

Returning to Russia Ivan deliberately created several conflicting stories about his past. He was a German defector, A Finn, Latvian, Lithuanian  or Pole attracted to the Revolution. He had been wounded fighting against the Whites. Ivan adopted a variation of his family name Ivan Zarya which translates as John Sunrise or as Lester Dent wrote it John Sunlight.

 

Part Two: Ivan Zarya a.k.a John Sunlight

 

Section One: The Monochromatic Maniac

 

At the beginning of The Fortress of Solitude, John Sunlight escaped from a Siberian prison camp and discovered quite by accident Doc Savage’s Fortress of Solitude.

 

John Sunlight had been sent to the prison camp for “using blackmail on his superior officers in the army to force them to advance him in rank”. The prosecutor found John Sunlight not merely contemptible but a horrible thing. "This thing known as John Sunlight," Serge Mafnoff said earnestly, "is incredible and shocking. We owe it to humanity to see that he is shot." Considering the virulence of Serge Mafnoff’s statements we have to wonder what exactly John Sunlight had used as blackmail against these superior officers.

 

John Sunlight’s description is as follows “He resembled a gentle poet, with his great shock of dark hair, his remarkably high forehead, his hollow burning eyes set in a starved face. His body was very long, very thin. His fingers, particularly, were so long and thin--the longest fingers being almost the length of an ordinary man's whole hand.” With the possible exception of the hands this description sounds like a clean shaven Rasputin.

That John Sunlight has a commanding almost mesmeric charisma.

“John Sunlight stepped out on the bridge of the ice-breaker, and forty-six persons sank to their knees in craven terror. This pleased John Sunlight. He liked to break souls to do his bidding.

No one had been killed yet. The forty-six included the crew of the ice-breaker, and the convicts. For one of the queerest quirks of John Sunlight's weird nature was that he preferred to control a mind, rather than detach it from the owner's body with a bullet or a knife.”

So it would appear that Ivan Zarov alias Ivan Zarya had learned lessons from both Baron Von Hessel and Rasputin.  When one considers our speculations about Sunlight’s sexual proclivities and about his powerful mesmeric personality it is not hard to image what the circumstances of blackmail might have been. The very nature of the acts that were the basis of blackmail would have been enough to have many people consider John Sunlight a loathsome “thing” However Serge Mafnoff must have realized that Sunlight had not merely found other officers who shared his orientation but rather that Sunlight had used his charisma and hypnotic powers to seduce these men into performing acts that they normally would not have done. He then either blackmailed them or allowed them to reward him with promotions. .

Considering his speculated connection to James Clark Wildman, alias Doc Savage, immaterial of whether John Sunlight was Lily Bugov or Lily Bugov and Savage’s son, it does seem to be rather coincidental that Sunlight would just stumble onto the location of Doc Savage’s Fortress of Solitude. Why did Sunlight command the ice breaker ship to go north rather than south when they escaped from Siberia? Even after the ice breaker’s supplies ran out and his crew began to starve Sunlight persisted in pursuing the same course. The most probable explanation is that Sunlight knew of the Fortress and of its general location. Finding it was his specific purpose instead of sailing south towards freedom of the Soviets and the ice.

While Ivan Zarya was rising through the ranks of the Soviet Army, his mentor Baron Von Hessel had, by necessity since the re-creation of his elixir had been destroyed, become a loyal adherent of the Nine’s plans. In Germany he convinced his follow Junkers to sponsor the rise of a rabble rousing politician with a ridiculous moustache. Once Hitler had become Chancellor, Von Hessel had been dispatched to Hungary. His mission there was to foster National Socialist sympathies while at the same time undermining Hungary and its relationship with its neighbors. Von Hessel was successful in creating tensions between Hungary and Roumania over Transylvania.

Von Hessel had kept a close eye on his grandson however and heard that he had acquired some method for extending his life span. He wondered briefly if Savage had been recruited by the Nine. However the Nine discouraged questions and only disseminated information that would serve their mysterious purposes. Von Hessel also learned that young Savage had a secret retreat where he created miraculous devices, products, medicines and even botanical creations. Von Hessel became determined to learn the location of the secret base. When German Intelligence, which had a superlative file on Savage, with much of the information having come from Von Hessel, had reports of Savage on occasion re-fueling an airplane in Western Soviet territory, he knew the base was somewhere around the North Pole.

Von Hessel made several stratagems to discover the base or rather have it discovered since the Nine would not allow him to leave his post in Hungary, although he did travel to the United States on diplomatic jaunts. He convinced one of Hitler’s Thule Society brothers that the Polar opening discovered by the Zeppelin O-220 in 1929 should be explored for possible ties to Thule and Atlantis. He also convinced Himmler that an expedition should be launched to get absolute proof of the World-Ice theory.

His last stratagem involved his sometime protégé and it was the one which he thought had little chance for success. Through coded messages he told Ivan about his suspicions about Savage’s secret hideout. He did not expect much since Ivan was quite content with his position in the Soviet Union. After having the eyeball slashing blow to his face Ivan had become unhinged, fixated on the subject of Clark Savage jr. When Von Hessel hinted that if Sunlight did actually find the sanctorum, he would prove to Savage that he was the better man.  Yet these were enough for Sunlight to destroy his carefully created cover and embark on a floundering, almost futile expedition. Knowing that he could not win the Nine’s approval to leave his post in the Soviet Union and that any attempt to get leave to search for Savage’s fortress would be denied, Sunlight arranged to have his career destroyed by exposing his activities. He also knew that it was likely to sent to Siberia so he would be that much closer to his goal.

During the year he was in the Siberian prison camp Ivan took the opportunity of isolation to hone his hypnotic skills. He loved to dominate men. As Dent so aptly said “He did not want men to die. A man dead was a man he could not dominate” In the Siberian prison John Sunlight made “friends” with Civan a large, bull of a man who reminded him of his bodyguard and attendant Zad. He also befriended and then controlled two American amazons named Titania and Giantia Jeeves. They were vaudeville performers sent to Siberia for espionage. According to Dent “They were a little queer, maybe, because all their lives men had been scared of them.”  He also said “Titania and Giantia were afraid of John Sunlight. They had never been scared of any other man. But they did not worry about John Sunlight.”

Chris Carey has speculated that this could have been an indication of John Sunlight having been a woman. However I think that the message is even more complex than that. The sisters had nothing to worry about from John Sunlight because he was homosexual, his masculinity did not threaten their sexuality. Also the reverse was true, normally John Sunlight could have seen these amazonian women as sexual competitors, however as Dent states, “they were a little queer”, which may indicate that they were lesbians and so were no sexual competition for John.

It is interesting to note that it is said several times that John Sunlight does not like to kill men but prefer to control and dominate them. The operative word seems to be men. Although Sunlight uses Gigantia, Titania and their sister Fifi, he plans to have them killed once their usefulness ends. Apparently he does not have a deep desire to control or dominate women, although he does use them as henchmen. Interestingly enough Sunlight used women as proxies, as his main muscle against Doc Savage. In The Fortress of Solitude, he used Titania and Gigantia by manipulating their concern over their sister and by making them think Savage had killed Fifi. In The Devil Genghis, Sunlight used Toni Lash, an female mercenary specializing in intelligence work. Perhaps he saw the women as disposable cannon fodder or perhaps he chose them because he knew of Savage’s discomfort around women.

Dent may not have known any of this but even if he did all he could only hint at it in the pulp story. In The Fortress of Solitude Dent makes tailors the story to suit his dramatic needs.

One example is John Sunlight’s relationship with Baron Karl. Baron Karl was the head of a Balkan nation’s spy system. He characterized as something of a coward and a dandy with an eye for the ladies. Baron Karl is treated as though he were willingly subordinate to John Sunlight. Karl is said to be so afraid of John Sunlight that he had immediately come to America when Sunlight demanded it.

Dent has Baron Karl as being reluctant to go to the arctic with John Sunlight because of the temperature. However John Sunlight insists on taking him there to demonstrate a new weapon. In fact it was probably quite the opposite, with Baron Karl demanding to know the location of the Fortress and going there and Sunlight trying to forestall him. Although Sunlight met with him in the Arctic it was not anywhere near the Fortress. Sunlight tried to buy the Baron off with a couple of the weapons. When this did not work, Sunlight told the Baron that unless took the weapon and forgot about the rest, his country would not last for very long. Although Baron Karl probably did not have strong patriotic feelings for either Germany or Hungary, he also did not want to take the chance of Ivan Zarya wrecking the Nine’s plans for Europe.

Sunlight remained uneasy about his deal with Baron Karl for after he had left, he wanted make certain his pilot had flown him back to New York. He became worried when Baron Karl had demanded to be flown into Montreal.

One of the other possible misdirection that Dent makes is in how the relationship between Doc Savage and John Sunlight plays out. After surviving hardship and near starvation finding and then attempting to get into the Fortress, John Sunlight steals a great many devices and then makes a bee line for New York. According to Dent his purpose is to revenge himself on Serge Maffnof while at the same time demonstrating to the world that he had weapons of great power.

Dent stated that John Sunlight wanted to achieve a utopian world without war or want, ruled by him. Yet his first move at this was a bit